Lexical Translation Transformations

Abstract

Typological analysis of translation transformations in the source and target text clippings testifies to a specific choice of language units at different levels (lexical, morphological, syntactical). They reflect complex logical and grammatical sequences resulting in the appearing of different units of open and closed language layers, their adapting to a language, and the use of morphological, syntactic and stylistic means which are actualized in the process of translation (lexical specification, various types of transformations at different language levels, functional transposition, etc.). Lexical transformations appear as a result of semantic, referential and structural diversity in the language units of source and target texts. Therefore a translator makes an ample use of the translation means which do not change the content of a source text clipping but change some lexical forms of its expression. These means of translation embrace different types of equivalents with partial meaning, hypo-hyperonymic equivalents, contextual equivalents, socio-pragmatic, and cross-cultural equivalents. They are characterized by generalization, antonymous translation, interpretation, compensation, logical analysis. While considering some lexical transformations in the process of translating English text clippings we envisaged such types as generalization of meaning, specification of meaning, compensation, antonymous translation. They appear mainly as a result of semantic, referential and structural diversity in the language units of source and target texts. We treat translation transformations as lexicosemantic, structural and functional adequate means of covering different associate, correlative and informative relationships in the source and target text clippings, resulting in some peculiarities of verbalizing different conceptual matters as consequence of a cognitive modeling mechanism which favor correlation at the lingual and paralingual levels.

Розглядаючи лексичні трансформації, що виникають при перекладах англійських текстів, ми описали такі види як генералізацію, конкретизацію, компенсацію та антонімічний переклад. Вони, головним чином, зумовлені різницею семантичних, референційних та структурних особливостей мови оригіналу та мови перекладу.