Мікрокліматична характеристика смотрицького каньйону в межах м. Кам’янця подільського (весняно осінній період)

Abstract

Розглянуто мікрокліматичні особливості садово-паркової зони «Сади де Вітте», розташованої у Смотрицькому каньйоні в межах міста Кам’янця-Подільського. Досліджено та описано сезонні характеристики весняно-осіннього періоду за показниками температури та вологості повітря в приземному шарі. Встановлено, що потічки з вапняково-травертиновими водоспадами і джерелами-витоками зволожують прямовисні вапнякові схили "Стінки" уздовж лівого берега р. Смотрич і впливають на температуру та вологість повітря у каньйоні. Температура повітря на лівому березі р. Смотрич нижча ніж на правому. Мікрокліматичні умови території уздовж правого берега річки з розташованою на ній сельбищною зоною є більш перспективними з огляду рекреаційного природокористування.

Purpose. The theme of this work is the microclimatic characteristic of Smotrytsky Canyon of the spring-autumn period on the territory of the city Kamenets-Podolsky.The work is designed to study the microclimatic conditions of the gardenpark area of the Gardens de Witte, which is located in the canyon of the river Smotrich and indicate the factors of their formation. The subject of the study are factors that affect the microclimate of the territory. Methodology.Microclimatic factors were examined using standard techniques. The temperature and humidity of the air were measured by the August psychrometer. The temperature of the soil cover was measured by ground thermometers. Studies were conducted from 12.00 to 13.00 in the spring (mid-April) and autumn periods (mid-October). The temperature of the atmospheric air and its relative humidity in the surface layer along the canyon profile and along the cross-section line at 0.15 cm and 1.5 m above the soil surface were measured. Results.In the spring period, low temperatures were observed near the left bank slopes of the canyon, which were not illuminated by the sun, with a high floodplain (3 - 2 m), a hollow (3 - 5 °) inclined. At a distance from the canyon wall, the temperature grew from 11 to 16 ° C. At 1 ° C, the air temperature near the river was lower. A similar situation was observed in the area adjacent to the opposite, more sunlit slope of the canyon. Atmospheric air was heated to 20 ° C in the zone of a hollow (3 - 5 °) inclined low floodplain. Steep (15-30 °) slopes, with primitive soddy carbonate soils, gravelly loam and limestone blocks, under shrubs, in places under orchards, low-rise residential buildings were heated to 19 ° C. The air temperature in the surface layer at an altitude of 0.15 m from the soil surface was somewhat lower, zonally more pronounced. In the autumn period, air temperature, soil temperature and air humidity were measured in the garden-park area and in the floodplain of the canyon along Russkaya street from the Novoplanovsky bridge to the Sadov de Witte. High values of the temperature index are characteristic for the residential zone along the right bank of the river Smotrich. The lowest – for an area with high humidity, located near the waterfall. The temperature of the soil cover in the residential area and 2 - 3 ° C was higher. Originality and practical value. For the first time, microclimatic conditions of the gardens of the Gardens de Witte, which is located in the canyon of the Smotrych River, are investigated and factors of their formation are indicated. The practical significance of the work is to study the influence of the terrain on the formation of microclimatic conditions by determining the temperature parameters and humidity of air for the purpose of recreational activities. Conclusion.Microclimatic characteristics of the Smotrytsky Canyon within Kamyanets-Podolsky are associated with the presence of a water body. The different heat capacities of the water of the river and land, that is, their different capacity to store heat, affect the distribution of surface temperatures along the canyon section. Brooks with calc-travertine waterfalls and springs moisten the steep limestone slopes-walls along the left bank of the river. Smotrich, affect the temperature and humidity in the canyon. The air temperature on the left bank of the Smotrych River is lower than on the right. Microclimatic conditions of the territory along the right bank of the river from the residential area located on it are more promising from the point of view of recreational nature management.