Адаптація дітей раннього віку до умов закладів дошкільної освіти

Abstract

Запропонована стаття присвячена аналізу процесу адаптації дітей раннього віку до умов закладів дошкільної освіти. У статті визначено та проаналізовано рівні адаптованості дітей та основні проблеми, що виникають у дітей під час адаптаційного періоду. Вказуються критерії успішного проходження адаптації дитини до садочка.

The main purpose of preschool education is to create favorable conditions for the personal development of children to ensure a balanced development, consistency in life of the main tendencies to self-realization, self-development and self-formation of vital competence of values relating to the world of nature, culture and people themselves. It is precisely the institutions of pre-school education that are the most important institutes of socialization, getting to which the child is acquainted with social norms, skills of social interaction. It is known that the process of adaptation is a continuous process that accompanies a person throughout his life. Scientists define this process as an adaptation of the structure and functions of the organism, its organs and cells to the environment. The process of adaptation of сhildren of early age to the conditions of a preschool institution is complicated and depends on the psychophysiological and personal characteristics of the child, on the family relationships that have developed, on the conditions of stay in a preschool institution. The following main areas are distinguished in the adaptation of children: reducing the emotional impact of stress due to proper preparation of children to stay in preschools and organization of their life, the period of adaptation, forecasting and timely diagnosis of early forms of exclusion, their prevention and early correction. It is needed to organize support adaptation process of children of early age to kindergarten: work with children, work with teachers, work with parents. To prepare the child for life in organized children's groups, it is important to bring her daily routine in the family to the modl of preschool. For successful adaptation of the child to preschool conditions it is necessary to form her positive attitude to the kindergarten. It should be emphasized that the adaptation of the child to preschool conditions is caused by the level of health, education, conditions in the family, especially the peculiarities of the attitude and communication of a teacher with a child, as well as its organization and individual physiological characteristics.