Сучасні кліматичні особливості Кам'янецького Придністер'я

Abstract

На основі даних Кам'янець-Подільської метеостанції, аналізу літературних джерел, статистичних результатів архівів погоди та власних польових досліджень визначені сучасні кліматичні особливості Кам'янецького Придністер'я. Встановлено, що сучасні метеопоказники Кам'янецького Придністер'я суттєво відрізняються від попередніх, що на регіональному рівні підтверджує думку багатьох науковців про глобальну зміну клімату. Встановлені закономірності підтверджують ідею зміни клімату та наштовхують на думку про необхідність поступової адаптації господарства до сучасних кліматичних особливостей.

The territory of Kamenets Transnistria throughout the history of its formation and economic development has been characterized by the dynamics of natural conditions. However, these changes are most acute in recent years and are primarily reflected in changes in meteorological indicators. The modern temperature regime of Kamenetsky Transnistria, compared with similar perennial average results, is characterized by a gradual increase in average monthly and average annual temperatures. In particular, the average annual temperature rose by 2.2 ° C. Distribution by months , respectively , also indicates a general excess of the average. In particular, almost all modern average monthly temperatures (except June and October) are higher than the results of previous studies by 1.3-4.3 ° C. The greatest difference is characteristic for February-March and August-September. The minimum average air temperature recorded in January (-6.8 ° C), the absolute minimum is also characteristic of this month and is -21.3 °C. The maximum average temperatures during the study period were 30.4 °C in August; the absolute maximum in July was 36.6 °C. In recent years, the northwest and southeast air movement has prevailed in the study area, and the north and south wind directions were also significant. These indicators are also somewhat different from the average age-old, according to which the western direction was also indicated as the main direction of air transport near the north-west and south-east. Windless weather averages 11.2 % of the time fixed by weather stations. The average wind speed is higher during the cold period and much lower during the warm one. Maximum averaged values are characteristic for transitional periods between the months: April (3.0 m/s) and October (2.8 m/s). The minimum wind speed (1.9 m/s) was recorded in June. The smallest number of clear days in the autumn-winter period, the largest – in the spring and summer. Gloomy days, naturally for the territory, less in the summer and a significant amount in the winter. In the autumn of 6 cloudy days more than in the spring. Relative humidity has a relatively stable annual distribution. The highest rates are typical for the cold part of the year, the lowest - for the warm. However, the corresponding distribution in recent years, like most other climatic components, has some deviations from the average. So the maximum values of relative humidity practically coincide (November-December - 86-88 %), however, the minimum, which according to K.I. Gerenchuk accounted for May (66-70 %), is now shifted to August with average relative humidity (52-55 %). The total annual precipitation based on the analysis of perennial observational data by K.I. Gerenchuk was 561 mm, according to G.V. Chernyuk - 554 mm, but according to the results of modern observations (last 8 years)- only 378.6 mm, which, along with other indicators , indicates a modern aridization of climate. A study of individual meteorological indicators of Kamenetsky Transnistria suggests that they differ significantly from previous multiyear average and confirms (at the regional level) the opinion of many scientists about global climate change. In particular, modern average annual temperatures are 2.1 °C higher than average; the directions of the prevailing winds changed somewhat (the share of the northern and southern ones increased significantly), their speed changed (the average annual is now 2.4 m/s) and the distribution over the seasons; the amount of clear (71) days increased and the amount of gloomy (108) days decreased significantly (especially in the warm season), the amount of precipitation (378.6 mm per year), which is almost 1.5 times less than the age-old average statistical indicators. Established patterns suggest the need for a gradual adaptation of housekeeping in the study area to modern climatic features.