У статті описано загальну характеристику отруйних речовин задушливої дії з приведенням їхньої хімічної, умовної назви та шифру. Розглядаються такі речовини, як: фосген, дифосген, трьохфтористий хлор та п’ятифториста сірка. Дана коротка історична довідка їхніх розробок, бойового застосування та наслідків випробувань. Зазначені фізичні, хімічні, токсичні властивості та фізіологічний вплив на організм людини. Повністю описаний біохімічний механізм токсичності отруйних речовин задушливої дії. Чітко показана симптоматика при уражені зазначеними отруйними речовинами за різних концентрацій та експозицій. Приведені засоби та способи захисту, профілактики, надання першої медичної допомоги, терапії та їх знешкодження
The article describes the modern development of the chemical industry, presents various anomalous natural phenomena that can cause man-made and environmental hazards not only for the human environment. It is noted that most residents of the state may be affected by dangerous natural phenomena, man-made accidents, in particular under the influence of possible dangerous chemical poisoning. In addition, the negative impact of technological activities of potentially dangerous objects of Ukraine related to the production, use, storage, processing, transportation of toxic substances of various origins. It is noted that a group of toxic substances of suffocating action, which was previously used for combat support of troops can be found not only in the process of production activities, but also in everyday life, production of pesticides, plastics, dyes, anhydrous metal chlorides. In addition, it is described that when chloropicrin gets on hot objects (stove, or stove for space heating), the poisonous substance phosgene is formed, which can lead to both mass and isolated cases of human poisoning. The general characteristic of poisonous substances of suffocating action with their chemical, conditional name and cipher is given. Substances such as phosgene, diphosgene, chlorine trifluoride and sulfur pentafluoride are considered. A brief historical background of their development, combat use and test results is given. These physical, chemical, toxic properties and physiological effects on the human body. The biochemical mechanism of toxicity of toxic substances of suffocating action is completely described. Symptoms at the defeat of the specified poisonous substances at various concentrations and exposures are accurately shown. Means and methods of protection, prevention, first aid, therapy and their disposal are given. The study of toxic substances of suffocating action will, if necessary, provide first aid to the victims, timely prepare and degassing of facilities and premises, save lives and health of people with the necessary preventive measures.
